Tense in Details। Tense কত প্রকার ও কিকি এবং ১২ টি Tense এর বিস্তারিত গঠন প্রণালী

👉ইংরেজি Grammar জানতে হলে Tense জানতে হবে।  Tense কাকে বলে, Tense কত প্রকার ও কিকি  এখানে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হল যাতে খুব সহজে Tense in Details বা Tense  এর বিস্তারিত মনে রাখা সম্ভব হয়। 

👉Tense এর গঠন ভালোভাবে জানলে ইংরেজি লেখা (যেমন-  Paragraph, story, composition বা dialogue-ইত্যাদি) বা বলা অনেক সহজ হয়ে যায়।

Tense in Details।  Tense কত প্রকার ও কিকি।গঠন প্রনালী

Tenses in English।Tense কাকে বলে?

Tense বলতে আমরা কাজ সম্পন্ন হবার সময়কে বুঝি।  

Tense কত প্রকার ও কিকি?

Tense ৩ প্রকারঃ

1. Present Tense

2. Past Tense

3. Future Tense

এই ৩ প্রকারের প্রত্যেকটির আবার ৪টি করে ভাগ আছে। প্রকারভেদগুলো নিচে দেয়া হলঃ

·    Present

1	Present Indefinite/Simple Tense
2	Present Continuous/Progressive Tense
3	Present  Perfect Tense
4	Present  Perfect Continuous Tense

Past

1	Past Indefinite/Simple Tense
2	Past Continuous/Progressive Tense
3	Past Perfect Tense
4	Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Future

1	Future Indefinite/Simple Tense
2	Future Continuous/Progressive Tense
3	Future Perfect Tense
4	Future Perfect Continuous Tense

এবার এই ১২ প্রকারের Tense in Details   আলোচনা করা হলঃ

         Present Indefinite/Simple Tense

যে Tense দ্বারা বর্তমান সময়ে কোন কাজ করা, কোন অভ্যাস বা চিরন্তন সত্য বোঝায় তাকে Present Simple Tense বলে।

(Present Simple Tense refers to any action at the present time, any habit or eternal truth)

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence: Subject +Verb (present) +Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject do not/does not+ verb(present form)+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Do/Does+subject+verb(present)+Object/Extension  

 মনে রাখবেন: Subject যদি Third Person singular number হয় তাহলে verb-এর সাথে s বা es যোগ করতে হয়।

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I go to school	I do not go to school	Do I go to school
2	He comes here	He does not come here	Does he come here
3	They do the work daily	They do not do the work daily	Do they do the work daily
4	You sleep at night	You do not sleep at night	Do you sleep at night
5	Peter walks slowly	Peter does not walk slowly	Does Peter walk slowly

                                               Past Indefinite/Simple Tense

অতীতে কোন কাজ কেউ করেছিল বা করা হয়েছিল বোঝালে Past Simple Tense বলে । 

( Past simple Tense means any work that was done in the past) 

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence: Subject +Verb (past form) +Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject did not+ verb(present form)+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Did+subject+verb(present)+Object/Extension 

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I went to school	I did not go to school	Did I go to school
2	He came here	He did not come here	Did he come here
3	They did the work	They did not do the work	Did they do the work
4	You slept at night	You did not sleep at night	Did you sleep at night
5	Peter walked slowly	Peter did not walk slowly	Did Peter walk slowly

Future Indefinite/Simple Tense

ভবিষ্যতে কোন কাজ কেউ করবে বা হবে বোঝালে সেটা  Future Simple Tense.

 Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence: Subject +shall/will+Verb (present form) +Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject shall/will not+ verb(present form)+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Shall/will+subject+verb(present)+Object/Extension 

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I shall go to school	I shall not go to school	Shall I go to school
2	He will come here	He will not come here	Will he come here
3	They will do the work	They will not do the work	Will they do the work
4	You will sleep at night	You will not sleep at night	Will you sleep at night
5	Peter will walk slowly	Peter will not walk slowly	Will Peter walk slowly

Present Continuous/Progressive Tense

বর্তমানে কোন কাজ কেউ করছে বা কোন কাজ চলছে বোঝালে তাকে
Present Continuous/Progressive Tense বলে। 

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence: Subject + am/is/are +Verb (present)+ing +Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject am not/is not/are not+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Am/is/are+subject+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension  

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I am going to school	I am not going to school	Am I going to school
2	He is coming here	He is not coming here	Is he coming here
3	They are doing the work	They are not doing the work	Are they doing the work
4	You are sleeping now	You are not sleeping now	Are you sleeping now
5	Peter is walking slowly	Peter is not walking slowly	Is Peter walking slowly

 

Past Continuous/Progressive Tense

অতীতে কেউ কোন কাজ করছিল বা কোন কাজ চলছিল বোঝালে তাকে Past Continuous/Progressive Tenseবলে।

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence: Subject + was/were +Verb (present)+ing +Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject +was not/were not+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Was/were+subject+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension  

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I was going to school	I was not going to school	Was I going to school
2	He was coming here	He was not coming here	Was he coming here
3	They were doing the work	They were not doing the work	Were they doing the work
4	You were sleeping then	You were not sleeping then	Were you sleeping then
5	Peter was walking slowly	Peter was not walking slowly	Was Peter walking slowly

Future Continuous/Progressive Tense

ভবিষ্যতে কোন কাজ কেউ করতে থাকবে বা কোন কাজ চলতে থাকবে বোঝালে তাকে Future Continuous/Progressive Tense বলে।

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence: Subject +shall be/will be+Verb (present)+ing +Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject+shall not be/will not be+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Shall/will+subject+be+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension  

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I shall be going to school	I shall  not be going to school	Shall I be going to school
2	He will be coming here	He will not be coming here	Will he be coming here
3	They will be doing the work	They will not be doing the work	Will they be doing the work
4	You will be sleeping	You will not be sleeping	Will you be sleeping
5	Peter will be walking slowly	Peter will not be walking slowly	Will Peter walking slowly

 

Present Perfect Tense 

কোন কাজ খুব কাছের অতীতে শেষ হয়ে গেছে কিন্তু তার রেশটা এখনও বিদ্যমান বোঝালে তাকে Present Perfect Tense বলে। 

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence: Subject+have/has+Verb (past participle)+Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject+have not/has not+Verb (past participle)+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Have/has+Subject+Verb (past participle)+Object/Extension

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I have gone to school	I have not gone to school	Have I gone to school
2	He has come here	He has not come here	Has he come here
3	They have done the work	They have not done the work	Have they done the work
4	You have slept	You have not slept	Have you slept
5	Peter has walked slowly	Peter has not walked slowly	Has Peter walked slowly

 

Past Perfect Tense

অতীতে দুটি কাজের মধ্যে প্রথম কাজটিকে Past Perfect Tense বলে।

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence: Subject+had+Verb (past participle)+Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject+had not+Verb (past participle)+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Had+Subject+Verb (past participle)+Object/Extension

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I had gone to school	I had not gone to school	Had I gone to school
2	He had come here	He had not come here	Had he come here
3	They had done the work	They had not done the work	Had they done the work
4	You had slept	You had not slept	Had you slept
5	Peter had walked slowly	Peter had not walked slowly	Had Peter walked slowly

 

Future Perfect Tense   

ভবিষ্যতে দুটি কাজের মধ্যে প্রথম কাজটিকে Future Perfect Tense  বলে।

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence: Subject+will have+Verb (past participle)+Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject+will have not+Verb (past participle)+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Will+Subject+have+Verb (past participle)+Object/Extension

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I shall have gone to school	I will not have  gone to school	Shall I have gone to school
2	He will have come here	He will not have  come here	Will he have come here
3	They will have done the work	They will not have  done the work	Will they have done the work
4	You will have slept	You will not have slept	Will you have slept
5	Peter will have walked slowly	Peter will not have  walked slowly	Will Peter have walked slowly

 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

কোন কাজ অতীত থেকে শুরু হয়ে এখনও চলছে বোঝালে তাকে Present Perfect Continuous Tense বলে ।

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence:Subject+have been/has been

+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject+have not been/has not been+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Have/has+Subject+been+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I have been reading since 10 am	I have not been reading since 10 am	Have I been reading since 10 am
2	He has been writing for two hours	He has not been writing for two hours	Has he been writing for two hours
3	They have been doing the work for one hour	They have not been doing the work for one hour	Have they been doing the work for one hour
4	You have been sleeping since 1 pm	You have not been sleeping since 1 pm	Have you been sleeping since 1 pm
5	Peter has been walkingfor three hours	Peter has not been walkingfor three hours	Has Peter been walkingfor three hours

 

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

অতীতে ২টি কাজের মধ্যে প্রথম কাজটি ২য় কাজের পূর্ব পর্যন্ত চলছিল বোঝালে তাকে Past Perfect Continuous Tense বলে।

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence:Subject+had been+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject+had not been+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Had+Subject+been+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I had been reading since 10 am	I had not been reading since 10 am	Had I been reading since 10 am
2	He had been writing for two hours	He had not been writing for two hours	Had he been writing for two hours
3	They had been doing the work for one hour	They had not been doing the work for one hour	Had they been doing the work for one hour
4	You had been sleeping since 1 pm	You had not been sleeping since 1 pm	Had you been sleeping since 1 pm
5	Peter had been walkingfor three hours	Peter had not been walkingfor three hours	Had Peter been walkingfor three hours

 

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

ভবিষ্যতে ২টি কাজের মধ্যে ২য় কাজের পূর্ব পর্যন্ত প্রথম কাজ চলতে থাকবে বোঝালে তাকে Future Perfect Continuous Tense বলে।

Structures: 

Affirmative Sentence:Subject+will have been+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Negative Sentence: Subject+will have not been+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Interrogative Sentence: Will+Subject+have 

been+Verb (present)+ing+Object/Extension

Examples:

	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
1	I shall have been reading since 10 am	I shall not have been reading since 10 am	Shall I have been reading since 10 am
2	He will have been writing for two hours	He will not have been writing for three hours	Will he have been writing for two hours
3	They will have been doing the work for one hour	They will not have been doing the work for one hour	Will they have been doing the work for one hour
4	You will have been sleeping since 1 pm	You will not have been sleeping since 1 pm	Wiill you have been sleeping since 1 pm
5	Peter will have been walkingfor three hours	Peter will not have been walkingfor three hours	Will Peter have been walkingfor three hours

Tense in Details-এ এবার দেখেনি এক নজরে ১২ টি Tense-এর গঠন প্রনালী ও উদাহরণঃ

	Name	বাংলা অর্থ	Structure	Examples
1	Present Indefinite	আসি, যায়, করে, পড়ে, বলে-ইত্যাদি	Subject+Verb (Present Form)+Extension	1.I eat rice. 2.He plays football.
2	Past Indefinite	আসলাম, গিয়েছিলাম, করল, ধরেছিল- ইত্যাদি	Subject+Verb(Past Form) +Extension	1.I ate rice. 2.He played football
3	Future Indefinite	আসবে, যাবে, করব, পড়ব-ইত্যাদি	Subject+shall/Will+Verb(Present Form)+Extension	1. I shall eat rice. 2.He will play football.
4	Present Continuous	আসছে, যাচ্ছে, করছে, পড়ছে ইত্যাদি	Subject+am/is/are+Verb(Present Form)+ing+Extension	1.I am eating rice. 2.He is playing football.
5	Past Continuous	আসছিল, যাচ্ছিল, করছিল ইত্যাদি	Subject+was/were+Verb(Present Form)+ing+Extension	1.I was eating rice. 2.He was playing football.
6	Future Continuous	আসতে থাকবে, করতে থাকবে, পড়তে থাকবে-ইত্যাদি	Subject+shall/will be+Verb(Present Form)+ing+Extension	1.I shall be eating rice. 2.He will be playing football.
7	Present Perfect	এসেছে, গিয়েছে, করেছে ইত্যাদি	Subject+have/has+Verb(Past Participle)+Extension	1.I have eaten rice. 2.He has played football.
8	Past Perfect	অতীতে ২টি ঘটনার মধ্যে প্রথমটি। যেমন- সে আসার পূর্বে  আমি কাজটি শেষ করলাম	Subject+had+Verb(Past Participle)+before+sub+verb(Past Form)	1.I had finished tense in details before he came. 2.I had finished the work before he came.
9	Future Perfect	ভবিষ্যতে ২টি ঘটনার মধ্যে প্রথমটি। যেমন- সে আসার পূর্বে  আমি কাজটি শেষ করব	1.Subject+shall/will have+(Past Participle)+before+Sub+Verb(Present Form)/will+verb(present form) or 2.Subject+shall/will have+(Past Participle)+by+time	1. I will have finished the work before he comes/will come. 2. I shall have eaten rice by 1 pm.
10	Present Perfect Continuous	কোন কাজ অতীত থেকে শুরু হয়ে একনও চলছে বোঝালে। যেমন- আমি ২ঘন্টা ধরে পড়ছি	1.Subject+have/has +been +Verb(Present Form) +ing+ for + hours/days/years  2.Subject+have/has +been +Verb(Present Form) +ing+ since + নির্দিষ্ট সময়/বার/মাস/তারিখ/বছর বসবে।	1.I have been reading for 2 hours. 2.He has been living here since 2006.
11	Past Perfect Continuous	অতীতে ২টি কাজের মধ্যে প্রথম কাজটি ২য় কাজের পূর্ব  পর্যন্ত চলছিল। যেমন-সে আসার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত আমি পড়ছিলাম	1.Subject+had +been +Verb(Present Form) +ing+ for +hours/days/years 2.Subject+had +been +Verb(Present Form) +ing+ before +Sub+Verb (Past Form)	1.I had been reading for 2 hours. 2.I had been doing the work before he came.
12	Future Perfect Continuous	ভবিষ্যতে ২টি কাজের মধ্যে+ ২য় কাজের পূর্ব পর্যন্ত প্রথম কাজ চলতে থাকবে। যেমন -সে আসার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত আমি পড়তে থাকব	1. Subject+will have +been +Verb(Present Form) +ing+ +for  +hours/days/years 2. Subject+will have +been +Verb(Present Form) +ing+ +before +Sub+ Verb(Present Form)	1.I shall have been reading for 2 hours. 2. I will have been reading before he comes.

 

Tense in Details এখানে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হলো। অনেক ধন্যবাদ।